Causal Modeling of Factors Causing Toddler Stunting Using the Peter-Clark Algorithm
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.sidebar##
Downloads
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##
Abstract
Stunting is a growth disorder in toddlers that can result in a height that is not proportionate to their age. Between 2016 and 2024, many studies have discussed factors related to stunting. However, these studies generally only use correlation analysis, which indicates the level of closeness of the relationship between variables. Correlation analysis can indeed describe the existence of an association, but cannot explain the causal relationship. Therefore, the causal mechanisms underlying these factors have not been fully revealed. This study aims to model the causal relationship of the factors that cause stunting. This study uses the Peter-Clark algorithm to obtain the direction of the causal relationship. The results of this study show a relationship between Height(TB.U)/Weight(BB.U), Integrated Health Post Visits/Height(TB.U), Height(TB.U)/Mother's Education, Age of Marriage/Mother's Education, Immunization/Family Members Smoking in the Home, and Exclusive Breastfeeding/ Integrated Health Post Visits. The Peter-Clark algorithm in this study successfully identified a causal relationship based on a comparison of performance using directional and causal density of 67%. These results are quite informative, but 34% of the relationships remain undirected. Therefore, additional data, domain assumptions, or advanced algorithms, such as FCI or GES, are needed to determine their direction.
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
[2] Khairani, A. Mursyita, and S. Darmawa, Situasi Stunting di Indonesia. Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementrian Kesehatan RI, 2020.
[3] khoerul ummah, “Hubungan Faktor Kesehatan Lingkungan Terhadap Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita di Wilayah Puskesmas Kassi Kassi Kota Makassar Tahun 2021,” Kedokt. dan Kesehat., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 30–41, 2024.
[4] V. Herliansyah, R. Latuconsina, and A. Dinimaharawati, “Prediksi Stunting pada Balita dengan Menggunakan Algoritma Klasifikasi Naive Bayes.,” e-Proceeding Eng., vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 6642–6649, 2021.
[5] Regina, B. Rusli, and Candradewini, “Koordinasi Pengembangan Program Kampung Keluarga Berencana Di Kabupaten Bangka Barat.,” J. Anal. Kebijkana dan Pelayanan Publik, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 65–85, 2020.
[6] E. Julianti and Elni, “Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita.,” JITK Bhamada, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 2–7, 2021.
[7] R. Rahmadi, “Finding stable causal structures from clinical data,” pp. 63–78, 2019.
[8] N. Tou, C. Effendy, and R. Rahmadi, “Causal Relations of Factors Representing the Elderly Independence in Doing Activities of Daily Livings Using S3C-Latent Algorithm,” Int. J. Artif. Intell. Res., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 65–77, 2021.
[9] N. Afrianto et al., “Applying PC Algorithm and GES to Three Clinical Data Sets: Heart Disease, Diabetes, and Hepatitis,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 1077, no. 1, p. 012067, 2021.
[10] Y. Setiya, R. Nur, A. Sa, D. Aldo, and B. Masulah, “Causal Modeling of Factors in Stunting using the Peter-Clark and Greedy Equivalence Search Algorithms,” J. Ilmu Pengetah. dan Teknol. Komput., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 523–533, 2025.
[11] S. Hartini et al., “Peningkatan Status Gizi Stunting Balita,” Pengabdi. Kesehat., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 222–228, 2023.
[12] A. Rahayu, “Riwayat Berat Badan Lahir dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Riwayat Berat Badan Lahir dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Usia Bawah Dua Tahun Birth Weight Records with Stunting Incidence among Children under Two Years Old,” Kesehat. Masy. Nas., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 67–73, 2015.
[13] S. Opu and K. S. Opu, “Hubungan Kepatuhan Ibu Berkunjung ke Posyandu dengan Status Gizi Balita di Kelurahan Mawang Kecamatan Somba Opu Kabupaten Gowa Tahun 2022,” Kesehat. Tadulako, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 535–546, 2024.
[14] A. Destiadi, T. Susila, and S. Sumarmi, “Frekuensi Kunjungan Posyandu dan Riwayat Kenaikan Berat Badan Sebagai Faktor Risiko Kejadian Stunting,” Media Gizi Indones., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 71–75, 2013.
[15] G. Rezaeizadeh, A. Mansournia, A. Keshtkar, Z. Farahani, F. Zarepour, and M. Sharafkhah, “Articles Maternal education and its in fl uence on child growth and nutritional status during the fi rst two years of life : a systematic review and meta-analysis,” eClinicalMedicine, vol. 71, p. 102574, 2024.
[16] N. Javid and C. Pu, “Maternal stature , maternal education and child growth in Pakistan : a cross-sectional study,” AIMS Public Heal., vol. 7, no. April, pp. 380–392, 2020.
[17] K. Temanggung, “Hubungan Usia Ibu Menikah Dini dengan Status Gizi Batita di Kabupaten Temanggung,” J. Nutr. Coll., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2017.
[18] H. Anggraini, “Hubungan Tingkat Pendidikan Ibu dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Usia 6-59 Bulan,” Heal. Sci. J., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 47–52, 2025.
[19] N. Nyoman, K. Anggraeni, I. Ayu, N. Saskara, and N. N. Yuliarmi, “International Journal of Social Science And Human Research The Effect of Family Income , Education and Mother ’ s First Marriage Age on The Incidence of Stunting in Abang Sub-District,” Int. J. Soc. Sci. Hum. Res., vol. 06, no. 05, pp. 2729–2736, 2023.
[20] I. Dasar, “Hubungan Imunisasi Dasar Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Usia 24-59 Bulan,” J. Ber. Kesehat., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 278–287, 2025.
[21] E. R. Panggabean, E. D. Lustiyati, and H. Yuningrum, “Family smoking behavior and stunting among children in rural areas of Sleman , Yogyakarta : A case-control study,” Public Heal. Prev. Med. Arch., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 222–232, 2023.
[22] S. A. Mashar, S. Suhartono, and B. Budiyono, “Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia Hubungan Sanitasi Lingkungan dan Paparan Asap Rokok dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Usia 25 – 60 Bulan di Kabupaten Pekalongan,” Media Kesehat. Masy. Indones., vol. 2024, no. 23, pp. 1–8, 2024.
[23] U. Bulan, D. I. Puskesmas, and K. Kunci, “Hubungan ASI Eksklusif dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Usia 24-59 Bulan di Puskesmas Singkil,” J. Kedokt. Ibnu Nafis, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 171–182, 2025.
[24] M. Novayanti and Y. S. Thirayo, “Buletin Kesehatan MAHASISWA Hubungan Pemberian Asi Esklusif dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Toili 1,” Bul. Kesehat. Mhs., vol. 02, no. September, pp. 1–9, 2023.