Optimization of Perturb and Observe Algorithm Efficiency in MPPT PV Array System Using Boost Converter: A Simulink-Based Investigation
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Dec 31, 2025
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Abstract
The increasing demand for renewable energy requires efficient power conversion and control strategies to maximize the utilization of photovoltaic (PV) systems. Among various approaches, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is critical in ensuring optimal energy extraction under varying irradiance and load conditions. This study focuses on optimizing the efficiency of the Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm implemented in a PV array system with a DC–DC boost converter. A comprehensive Simulink-based investigation is conducted to analyze the algorithm’s performance in terms of tracking speed, stability, and steady-state oscillation. The results demonstrate that the optimized P&O method significantly improves the dynamic response of the boost converter while maintaining high tracking accuracy under irradiance fluctuations and load variations. Furthermore, this work is presented as a preliminary study prior to the integration of MPPT control with a PLC-based monitoring system, providing a reliable foundation for real-time industrial applications. The findings contribute to the enhancement of PV system efficiency and offer valuable insights for future implementation in smart energy management platforms.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Abdillah Aziz Muntashir, Prasetyani, L., Surawan Setiyadi, & M. Irkam Baihaqi. (2025). Optimization of Perturb and Observe Algorithm Efficiency in MPPT PV Array System Using Boost Converter: A Simulink-Based Investigation . Jurnal E-Komtek (Elektro-Komputer-Teknik), 9(2), 408-420. https://doi.org/10.37339/e-komtek.v9i2.2769
References
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[13] N. Van Tan, N. B. Nam, N. H. Hieu, L. K. Hung, M. Q. Duong, and L. H. Lam, “A Proposal for an MPPT Algorithm Based on the Fluctuations of the PV Output Power, Output Voltage, and Control Duty Cycle for Improving the Performance of PV Systems in Microgrid,” Energies (Basel), vol. 13, no. 17, p. 4326, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.3390/en13174326.
[14] S. Da’na, A. Sagahyroon, A. Elrayes, A. R. Al-Ali, and R. Al-Aydi, “Development of a monitoring and control platform for PLC-based applications,” Comput Stand Interfaces, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 157–166, Mar. 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.csi.2007.08.008.
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[16] K. Krishnaram, T. S. Padmanabhan, F. Alsaif, and S. Senthilkumar, “Performance optimization of interleaved boost converter with ANN supported adaptable stepped-scaled P&O based MPPT for solar powered applications,” Sci Rep, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 8115, Apr. 2024, doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-58852-8.
[17] A. Majeed Shaikh, M. Fawad Shaikh, S. Ahmed Shaikh, M. Krichen, R. Ali Rahimoon, and A. Qadir, “Comparative analysis of different MPPT techniques using boost converter for photovoltaic systems under dynamic shading conditions,” Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 57, p. 103259, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.seta.2023.103259.
[18] S. A. Krim, F. Krim, H. Afghoul, and F. Abdelmalek, “An Enhanced Perturb and Observe MPPT for Photovoltaic Systems Based on Fuzzy Step,” Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 363–372, Apr. 2024, doi: 10.18280/jesa.570206.
[19] L. Prasetyani, M. J. F. Arifianto, D. Subagio, W. Sarfat, and Aprilyanto, “Experimental Analysis Design of Solar Panel Energy Monitoring Prototype,” in 7th International Conference on Information Technology, Computer, and Electrical Engineering, ICITACEE 2020 - Proceedings, 2020. doi: 10.1109/ICITACEE50144.2020.9239166.
[20] L. Prasetyani, A. D. Dini, and E. S. Ma’Arif, “Automation Control Design of An Storage Machine Based on Omron PLC System,” in 2021 8th International Conference on Information Technology, Computer and Electrical Engineering, ICITACEE 2021, 2021. doi: 10.1109/ICITACEE53184.2021.9617469.
[21] A. M. Noman, H. S. Sheikh, A. F. Murtaza, S. Z. Almutairi, M. H. Alqahtani, and A. S. Aljumah, “Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm of Photo-Voltaic Array through Determination of Boost Converter Conduction Mode,” Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 14, p. 8033, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.3390/app13148033.
[22] M. Ahmad, A. Numan, and D. Mahmood, “A Comparative Study of Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (INC) PV MPPT Techniques at Different Radiation and Temperature Conditions,” Engineering and Technology Journal, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 376–385, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.30684/etj.v40i2.2189.
[2] G. C. Mahato, T. Roy Choudhury, and B. nayak, “Study of MPPT and FPPT: A Brief Comparison,” in 2020 IEEE 17th India Council International Conference (INDICON), IEEE, Dec. 2020, pp. 1–7. doi: 10.1109/INDICON49873.2020.9342374.
[3] I. Y. Fawzy, Y. S. Mohamad, E. G. Shehata, and M. Abd El Sattar, “A MODIFIED PERTURB AND OBSERVE TECHNIQUE FOR MPPT OF INTGRATED PV SYSTEM USING DC-DC BOOST CONVERTER,” Journal of Advanced Engineering Trends, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 63–77, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.21608/jaet.2021.82231.
[4] Z. Ali, S. Abbas, A. Mahmood, S. Ali, S. Javed, and C.-L. Su, “A Study of a Generalized Photovoltaic System with MPPT Using Perturb and Observer Algorithms under Varying Conditions,” Energies (Basel), vol. 16, no. 9, p. 3638, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.3390/en16093638.
[5] A. B. Djilali, A. Yahdou, H. Benbouhenni, A. Alhejji, D. Zellouma, and E. Bounadja, “Enhanced perturb and observe control for addressing power loss under rapid load changes using a buck–boost converter,” Energy Reports, vol. 12, pp. 1503–1516, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2024.07.032.
[6] Y. Ouberri, H. Yatimi, and E. Aroudam, “Modeling and Simulation of PV Module using Industrial Automation PLC,” in 2019 5th International Conference on Optimization and Applications (ICOA), IEEE, Apr. 2019, pp. 1–7. doi: 10.1109/ICOA.2019.8727668.
[7] A. Harrison, E. M. Nfah, J. de Dieu Nguimfack Ndongmo, and N. H. Alombah, “An Enhanced P&O MPPT Algorithm for PV Systems with Fast Dynamic and Steady-State Response under Real Irradiance and Temperature Conditions,” International Journal of Photoenergy, vol. 2022, pp. 1–21, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.1155/2022/6009632.
[8] A. Raj and R. P. Praveen, “Highly efficient DC-DC boost converter implemented with improved MPPT algorithm for utility level photovoltaic applications,” Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 101617, May 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.asej.2021.10.012.
[9] O. O. Apeh, E. L. Meyer, and O. K. Overen, “Modeling and experimental analysis of battery charge controllers for comparing three off-grid photovoltaic power plants,” Heliyon, vol. 7, no. 11, p. e08331, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08331.
[10] H. Hussein, A. Mahdi, and T. Abdul-Wahhab, “Design of a Boost Converter with MPPT Algorithm for a PV Generator Under Extreme Operating Conditions,” Engineering and Technology Journal, vol. 39, no. 10, pp. 1473–1480, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.30684/etj.v39i10.1888.
[11] S. Jana, N. Kumar, R. Mishra, D. Sen, and T. K. Saha, “Development and implementation of modified MPPT algorithm for boost converter‐based PV system under input and load deviation,” International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, vol. 30, no. 2, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1002/2050-7038.12190.
[12] K. Ullah, M. Ishaq, F. Tchier, H. Ahmad, and Z. Ahmad, “Fuzzy-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control system for photovoltaic power generation system,” Results in Engineering, vol. 20, p. 101466, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.rineng.2023.101466.
[13] N. Van Tan, N. B. Nam, N. H. Hieu, L. K. Hung, M. Q. Duong, and L. H. Lam, “A Proposal for an MPPT Algorithm Based on the Fluctuations of the PV Output Power, Output Voltage, and Control Duty Cycle for Improving the Performance of PV Systems in Microgrid,” Energies (Basel), vol. 13, no. 17, p. 4326, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.3390/en13174326.
[14] S. Da’na, A. Sagahyroon, A. Elrayes, A. R. Al-Ali, and R. Al-Aydi, “Development of a monitoring and control platform for PLC-based applications,” Comput Stand Interfaces, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 157–166, Mar. 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.csi.2007.08.008.
[15] S. Amely Jumaat et al., “Monitoring of PV Performance Using LabVIEW,” Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 12, no. 2, p. 461, Nov. 2018, doi: 10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i2.pp461-467.
[16] K. Krishnaram, T. S. Padmanabhan, F. Alsaif, and S. Senthilkumar, “Performance optimization of interleaved boost converter with ANN supported adaptable stepped-scaled P&O based MPPT for solar powered applications,” Sci Rep, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 8115, Apr. 2024, doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-58852-8.
[17] A. Majeed Shaikh, M. Fawad Shaikh, S. Ahmed Shaikh, M. Krichen, R. Ali Rahimoon, and A. Qadir, “Comparative analysis of different MPPT techniques using boost converter for photovoltaic systems under dynamic shading conditions,” Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 57, p. 103259, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.seta.2023.103259.
[18] S. A. Krim, F. Krim, H. Afghoul, and F. Abdelmalek, “An Enhanced Perturb and Observe MPPT for Photovoltaic Systems Based on Fuzzy Step,” Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 363–372, Apr. 2024, doi: 10.18280/jesa.570206.
[19] L. Prasetyani, M. J. F. Arifianto, D. Subagio, W. Sarfat, and Aprilyanto, “Experimental Analysis Design of Solar Panel Energy Monitoring Prototype,” in 7th International Conference on Information Technology, Computer, and Electrical Engineering, ICITACEE 2020 - Proceedings, 2020. doi: 10.1109/ICITACEE50144.2020.9239166.
[20] L. Prasetyani, A. D. Dini, and E. S. Ma’Arif, “Automation Control Design of An Storage Machine Based on Omron PLC System,” in 2021 8th International Conference on Information Technology, Computer and Electrical Engineering, ICITACEE 2021, 2021. doi: 10.1109/ICITACEE53184.2021.9617469.
[21] A. M. Noman, H. S. Sheikh, A. F. Murtaza, S. Z. Almutairi, M. H. Alqahtani, and A. S. Aljumah, “Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm of Photo-Voltaic Array through Determination of Boost Converter Conduction Mode,” Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 14, p. 8033, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.3390/app13148033.
[22] M. Ahmad, A. Numan, and D. Mahmood, “A Comparative Study of Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (INC) PV MPPT Techniques at Different Radiation and Temperature Conditions,” Engineering and Technology Journal, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 376–385, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.30684/etj.v40i2.2189.