Study of the Effect of Simple Filtration Composition of Waste Cooking Oil on the Quality of Biodiesel for Generator Fuel
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Abstract
Used cooking oil has great potential as a raw material for biodiesel due to its abundant availability and low price, but its quality often decreases due to high free fatty acid and impurities content. This study aims to examine the effect of variations in simple filtration compositions on improving the quality of used cooking oil before the conversion process into biodiesel. The filtration process was carried out using a combination of simple media such as activated charcoal, fine sand, and zeolite in certain ratios. The parameters tested included the density value at 15°C (kg/m³), the kinematic viscosity value at 50°C (mm²/s), and the calorific value (kcal/g) of the produced biodiesel. The experimental method involved several variations in filtration compositions followed by a standard transesterification process. The results of the study showed that the optimal filtration composition was able to produce B40 biodiesel at a temperature variation of 50-60 15°C with a density value of 868.5 kg/m³, a kinematic viscosity of 3,570 mm²/s, and a calorific value of 9772.4 kcal/g according to the standard range of SNI 7182:2015. In addition, biodiesel from simply filtered used cooking oil can be used as a generator fuel with an energy efficiency performance of 34.79% in an 8.5 kVA generator test. This finding provides an alternative for simple, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly used cooking oil processing to support the availability of renewable energy.
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How to Cite
Musyafiq, A. A., Novita Asma Ilahi, & Oki saputra. (2026). Study of the Effect of Simple Filtration Composition of Waste Cooking Oil on the Quality of Biodiesel for Generator Fuel. Jurnal E-Komtek (Elektro-Komputer-Teknik), 9(2), 631-641. https://doi.org/10.37339/e-komtek.v9i2.2908
References
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[26] G. L. Camilo, M. R. da Silva, J. L. Ferrari, and L. F. F. Lacerda, “Review of biodiesel production using various feedstocks and its purification through several methodologies, with a specific emphasis on dry washing,” Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 136, pp. 1–15, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.jiec.2024.02.016.
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[34] C. F. Sutanto, F. P. Wiryawan, and F. Kurniawansyah, “Cork waste-based adsorbents for glycerol removal from biodiesel,” Biofuels, 2025, doi: 10.1080/17597269.2025.2517453.
[35] A. A. N. M. Al-Haimi, M. Al-Shahri, A. M. Al-Harrasi, and O. Basheer, “Optimization of crude glycerol purification from grease trap waste biodiesel production using synergistic mixed extraction alcohols,” Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 2024, doi: 10.1002/jctb.7688.
[36] N. F. N. M. Redzuan, A. R. M. Shafie, N. H. Mat Yusoff, and R. Omar, “Green valorization of coconut-oil-derived crude glycerol via optimized solvent-aided solidification,” Next Research, vol. 2, no. 4, p. 101022, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.nexres.2025.101022.
[37] E. Emmanouilidou, A. Koutsoukos, and P. Tsiakaras, “Green upgrading of biodiesel derived from biomass wastes,” Proceedings, vol. 87, no. 1, p. 14, 2025, doi: 10.3390/proceedings8701014.
[38] M. H. Pranta, S. Hossain, R. Saha, and M. R. Islam, “A comprehensive review of the evolution of biodiesel as a sustainable fuel,” Energy, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.130124.
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[40] N. Mhetras, S. Kulkarni, and G. Nadgauda, “Sustainable biodiesel production: Importance of feedstock and process parameters,” Biofuels, 2025, doi: 10.1080/17597269.2025.2517401.
[2] J. Prasetyo, “Studi pemanfaatan minyak jelantah sebagai bahan baku pembuatan biodiesel,” Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Kimia UNPAM, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 1–10, 2018.
[3] C. W. A. Dewi, “Analisis pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak jelantah,” Agroteknose: Jurnal Teknologi dan Enjiniring Pertanian, vol. 7, no. 2, 2018.
[4] J. Harahap and Y. Yullia, “Potensi pemanfaatan limbah minyak jelantah Kota Banda Aceh sebagai sumber energi alternatif (biodiesel),” Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 151–164, 2018.
[5] A. Kapuji, S. Hadi, and Z. Arifin, “Proses pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak jelantah,” Jurnal Chemtech, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2021.
[6] D. A. Setyawardhani, A. T. Y. Widiasri, and M. Rahman, “Uji karakteristik pencampuran biodiesel minyak jelantah dan biodiesel minyak kesambi,” Jurnal Integrasi Proses, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 68–76, 2021.
[7] S. Oko, A. Kurniawan, and J. Rahmatina, “Pengaruh perbandingan massa Ca dan C pada katalis NaOH/CaO/C dalam sintesis biodiesel menggunakan minyak jelantah,” in Prosiding Industrial Research Workshop and National Seminar, vol. 12, pp. 423–428, Sep. 2021.
[8] P. Wahyuningsih, “Bentonit tersulfatasi sebagai katalis dalam produksi biodiesel dari minyak jelantah,” QUIMICA: Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Terapan, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 5–8, 2022.
[9] R. Putra, S. Supriyadi, and S. Suheli, “Analisa pembuatan biodiesel minyak jelantah dengan katalis basa,” Journal of Vocational Education and Automotive Technology, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 137–145, 2021.
[10] H. N. Aulia and A. Mokhtar, “Pengaruh tegangan listrik dan rasio solven pada sintesis biodiesel dari minyak jelantah metode elektrokatalitik,” in Seminar Keinsinyuran Program Studi Program Profesi Insinyur, vol. 2, no. 1, 2022.
[11] Y. C. Sari, R. Junaidi, and A. Hasan, “Penggunaan batu kapur sebagai katalis heterogen untuk pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak jelantah,” Jurnal Pendidikan dan Teknologi Indonesia, vol. 2, no. 8, pp. 363–371, 2022.
[12] B. A. Saputro and A. Abdurrahman, “Karakteristik biodiesel dari campuran bahan bakar dexlite dan minyak jelantah tanpa perlakuan pada mesin diesel,” Jurnal Teknik Kimia, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 51–59, 2022.
[13] H. A. Azis et al., “Penggunaan adsorben bentonit pada proses pencucian kering dalam pemurnian biodiesel minyak jelantah,” Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 108–115, 2023.
[14] C. F. Sutanto, F. P. Wiryawan, and F. Kurniawansyah, “Pra Rancangan Pabrik Biodiesel dari Minyak Jelantah Menggunakan Metode Transesterifikasi dengan Kapasitas 50.000 Ton/Tahun,” Jurnal Teknik ITS, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. F210–F215, 2021.
[15] T. Susanti and S. Santosa, “Studi penggunaan katalis CaO–NaOH pada produksi biodiesel dari minyak jelantah,” DISTILAT: Jurnal Teknologi Separasi, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 294–300, 2022.
[16] A. Mukminin et al., “Pengaruh waktu reaksi pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak jelantah dengan bantuan katalis basa NaOH terhadap sifat fisika dan kimia produk biodiesel,” Journal on Education, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 3817–3825, 2023.
[17] H. Hasanudin et al., “Hydrocracking optimization of palm oil to bio-gasoline and bio-aviation fuels using molybdenum nitride-bentonite catalyst,” RSC Advances, vol. 12, no. 26, pp. 16431–16443, 2022.
[18] M. Utami et al., “Photocatalytic degradation of naphthol blue from batik wastewater using functionalized TiO₂-based composites,” Chemosphere, vol. 337, 139224, 2023.
[19] S. J. Sekewael et al., “Recent progress on sulfated nanozirconia as a solid acid catalyst in the hydrocracking reaction,” Catalysts, vol. 12, no. 2, 191, 2022.
[20] S. Gea et al., “A comprehensive review of experimental parameters in bio-oil upgrading from pyrolysis of biomass to biofuel through catalytic hydrodeoxygenation,” BioEnergy Research, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 325–347, 2023.
[21] S. Azis, M. Mustam, N. Ramdani, I. I. Amin, N. Sari, and G. Gregorius, “Penggunaan adsorben bentonit pada proses pencucian kering dalam pemurnian biodiesel minyak jelantah,” Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 108–115, 2023.
[22] Haryono, “Preparasi minyak goreng bekas sebagai bahan baku pembuatan biodiesel dengan adsorben arang aktif dari tempurung kelapa,” dalam Prosiding Seminar Nasional ReTII, 2025.
[23] R. Maghfirah and A. K. Amin, “Purifikasi biodiesel berbasis minyak jelantah secara …,” Jurnal Teknologi Rekayasa (Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe), vol. 9, no. 1, 2025. (mengulas pemurnian biodiesel MJ dengan teknik filtrasi/adsorpsi).
[24] J. C. Hananto and N. Rosdiana, “Penurunan asam lemak bebas minyak jelantah menggunakan karbon aktif ampas tebu,” Jurnal Energi dan Sumberdaya Terbarukan, vol. 3, no. 2, 2023 – fokus pada pretreatment adsorptif minyak jelantah sebelum proses biodiesel.
[25] W. N. A. W. Osman, M. H. Rosli, W. N. A. Mazli, and S. Samsuri, “Comparative review of biodiesel production and purification,” Carbon Capture Science & Technology, vol. 13, p. 100264, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100264.
[26] G. L. Camilo, M. R. da Silva, J. L. Ferrari, and L. F. F. Lacerda, “Review of biodiesel production using various feedstocks and its purification through several methodologies, with a specific emphasis on dry washing,” Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 136, pp. 1–15, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.jiec.2024.02.016.
[27] O. Awogbemi and D. A. Desai, “Recent advances in purification technologies for biodiesel-derived crude glycerol,” International Journal of Ambient Energy, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 2025, doi: 10.1080/01430750.2025.2533373.
[28] M. C. S. Gomes, D. R. da Silva, J. A. A. dos Santos, and V. R. de Sousa, “Purification of crude glycerol derived from biodiesel production using ceramic membranes: Experimental studies and modeling,” Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 338, p. 126055, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.126055.
[29] T. Attarbachi, M. Ghasemi, and H. Bazyari, “Waste-derived low-grade glycerol purification and recovery for sustainable applications: A mini review,” Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2024, doi: 10.1002/bbb.2638.
[30] C. G. Lopresto, M. G. De Paola, and V. Calabrò, “De-acidification of waste cooking oils by adsorption on desulfurization sorbents for high-quality biodiesel production,” Chemosphere, vol. 380, p. 144460, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.144460.
[31] R. Bostan, D. Cojocaru, and M. Mardare, “Utilization of natural adsorbents in the purification of used sunflower and palm cooking oils,” Applied Sciences, vol. 14, no. 11, p. 4417, 2024, doi: 10.3390/app14114417.
[32] C. G. Smolich, S. M. Dias, and A. L. M. Porto, “Purification of biodiesel using a natural-based adsorbent in a packed-bed column,” in Proc. XXVII Encontro Luso-Galego de Química, Porto, Portugal, 2023.
[33] M. D. Guimarães, F. Rodrigues, S. M. Dias, and A. Porto, “Production of biodiesel from waste cooking oils and purification using adsorption techniques with natural adsorbents,” in Proc. XXVII Encontro Luso-Galego de Química, Porto, Portugal, 2023.
[34] C. F. Sutanto, F. P. Wiryawan, and F. Kurniawansyah, “Cork waste-based adsorbents for glycerol removal from biodiesel,” Biofuels, 2025, doi: 10.1080/17597269.2025.2517453.
[35] A. A. N. M. Al-Haimi, M. Al-Shahri, A. M. Al-Harrasi, and O. Basheer, “Optimization of crude glycerol purification from grease trap waste biodiesel production using synergistic mixed extraction alcohols,” Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 2024, doi: 10.1002/jctb.7688.
[36] N. F. N. M. Redzuan, A. R. M. Shafie, N. H. Mat Yusoff, and R. Omar, “Green valorization of coconut-oil-derived crude glycerol via optimized solvent-aided solidification,” Next Research, vol. 2, no. 4, p. 101022, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.nexres.2025.101022.
[37] E. Emmanouilidou, A. Koutsoukos, and P. Tsiakaras, “Green upgrading of biodiesel derived from biomass wastes,” Proceedings, vol. 87, no. 1, p. 14, 2025, doi: 10.3390/proceedings8701014.
[38] M. H. Pranta, S. Hossain, R. Saha, and M. R. Islam, “A comprehensive review of the evolution of biodiesel as a sustainable fuel,” Energy, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.130124.
[39] M. Yaghi, O. S. Ahmed, and L. O. Nawar, “An overview of biodiesel production via heterogeneous catalysts,” Energies, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 1–30, 2025.
[40] N. Mhetras, S. Kulkarni, and G. Nadgauda, “Sustainable biodiesel production: Importance of feedstock and process parameters,” Biofuels, 2025, doi: 10.1080/17597269.2025.2517401.