The Role of Training and Competence in Enhancing Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance: A Literature Review
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Abstract
The technical competency and soft skills of employees are a crucial factor for an organization to improve employee performance. However, the existing literature ignores the psychological aspects that motivate employees to perform, such as job satisfaction.The study aims to explore the role of training and competence in positively influencing employee employee satisfaction and performance. Current research is design as the literature review study and use a qualitative descriptive method. The latest five-year literature review on training and competence was obtained from the national journal database indexed by Garda Rujukan Digital, and Science and Technology Index. Further data were selected and analyzed to answer the study questions. The study demostrate that there is a very positive influence between training and competence with job satisfaction. In addition, high competence has a crucial role in encouraging performance achievement according to organizational standards. Theoretically, this research contribute to the existing literature review on human resource development, with a focus on the strategic role of training to obtain employee competency.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
LPPM Politeknik Piksi Ganesha Indonesia
How to Cite
Hermawan, B., & Harsono, R. D. M. (2025). The Role of Training and Competence in Enhancing Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance: A Literature Review. Jurnal E-Bis, 9(2), 818-826. https://doi.org/10.37339/e-bis.v9i2.2545
References
Adamopoulos, I. P. (2022). Job Satisfaction in Public Health Care Sector, Measures Scales and Theoretical Background. European Journal of Environment and Public Health, 6(2), em0116. https://doi.org/10.21601/ejeph/12187
Adamopoulos, I. P., & Syrou, N. F. (2022). Associations and Correlations of Job Stress, Job Satisfaction and Burn out in Public Health Sector. European Journal of Environment and Public Health, 6(2), em0113. https://doi.org/10.21601/ejeph/12166
Al-Oun, S., & Al-Khasawneh, Z. (Mohammed F. (2025). Sustainable Human Resource Management and Career Quality in Public Utilities: Evidence from Jordan’s Electricity Sector. Sustainability, 17(11), 4866. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17114866
Al-Tit, A. A., Al-Ayed, S., Alhammadi, A., Hunitie, M., Alsarayreh, A., & Albassam, W. (2022). The Impact of Employee Development Practices on Human Capital and Social Capital: The Mediating Contribution of Knowledge Management. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(4), 218. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8040218
Alrawahi, S., Sellgren, S. F., Altouby, S., Alwahaibi, N., & Brommels, M. (2020). The application of Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation to job satisfaction in clinical laboratories in Omani hospitals. Heliyon, 6(9), e04829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04829
Amalia, R., Junaidi, A., & Boyas, J. R. (2023). The Impact of Soft Skills Training and Managerial Support on Employee Career Development with Self-Confidence as a Mediator. SEIKO: Journal of Management & Business, 6(2), 10.37531/sejaman.v6i2.6129. https://doi.org/10.37531/sejaman.v6i2.6129
Armstrong, M. (2009). Armstrong’s handbook of human resource management practice 11th edition. Kogan Page Limited.
Baartman, L. K. J., & de Bruijn, E. (2011). Integrating knowledge, skills and attitudes: Conceptualising learning processes towards vocational competence. Educational Research Review, 6(2), 125–134. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2011.03.001
Berhanu, K. Z. (2023). Mediating role of job satisfaction on the relation between staff development and performance. Cogent Education, 10(1), 2107301. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2207408
Cabrera, D., & Cabrera, L. L. (2023). The steps to doing a systems literature review (SLR). Journal of Systems Thinking Preprints.
Darmanto, S., & Supriyadi, Y. (2022). Development of employee performance model based on transactional leadership, competency, and job satisfaction. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 20(2), 427–437. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2022.020.02.18
Elnaga, A., & Imran, A. (2013). The effect of training on employee performance. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(4), 137–147.
Eraut, M. (1998). Concepts of competence. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 12(2), 127–139. https://doi.org/10.3109/13561829809014100
Ernawati, N., & Abadi, F. (2024). Analysis of The Effect of Job Satisfaction, Organizational Supports, and Leadership Style on Work Motivation in Improving Employee Performance. Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies, 4(4), 1805–1814. https://doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v4i4.1115
Fatmasari Wijayanti, & Retno Titi Sari. (2023). The Influence of Competency on Employee Performance:(A Literature Review). International Journal of Accounting, Management, Economics and Social Sciences (IJAMESC), 1(6), 920–931. https://doi.org/10.61990/ijamesc.v1i6.118
Gessesse, K. T., & Premanandam, P. (2023). Job satisfaction among academic employees in private and public sector universities at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A comparative analysis. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1), 2196105. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2196105
Hämäläinen, R., Nissinen, K., Mannonen, J., Lämsä, J., Leino, K., & Taajamo, M. (2021). Understanding teaching professionals’ digital competence: What do PIAAC and TALIS reveal about technology-related skills, attitudes, and knowledge? Computers in Human Behavior, 117, 106672. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106672
Haryanto, B., Suprapti, A. R., Taufik, A., & Maminirina Fenitra, R. (2022). Moderating role of transformational leadership in the relationship between work conflict and employee performance. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1), 2105578. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2105578
Hastuti, N. T. L. P., Wahyuningsih, S. H., & Handayani, S. D. (2023). A bibliometric analysis of competency and job satisfaction research. Multidisciplinary Reviews, 7(1), 2024014. https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2024014
Hasyim, H., & Bakri, M. (2024). A study of Task Mismatch and its effect on Work Motivation and employee performance. Paradoks: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 7(4), 355–370. https://doi.org/10.55903/juria.v3i1.196
Herzberg, F. (2015). Motivation-hygiene theory. Organizational Behavior 1, 61–74.
Herzberg, F. I. (1966). Work and the Nature of Man. World Pub. Co.
Isbat, I., Tukiran, M., Yusnita, N., Sunaryo, W., Munawir, A., & Haris Maraden, A. (2024). Synergy of Competence and Leadership in Improving Employee Commitment, Motivation, and Performance for Organizational Development: Systematic Literature Review. Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, 2(9), 2050–2067. https://doi.org/10.59888/ajosh.v2i9.346
Izzah, N., & Firdaus, V. (2022). Kompetensi, pelatihan, dan kepuasan kerja dan pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja karyawan. Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis Dan Pendidikan (JEBP), 2(9), 805–815. https://doi.org/https://journal3.um.ac.id/index.php/fe/article/view/4991/2971
Judge, T. A., Zhang, S. C., & Glerum, D. R. (2020). Job satisfaction. Essentials of Job Attitudes and Other Workplace Psychological Constructs, 207–241.
Karneli, O., Handayati, R., & Rijal, S. (2024). Enhancement of Soft Skills Competence in Human Resources as a Key Success Factor in the Digital Business Era. Journal of Contemporary Administration and Management (ADMAN), 2(1), 319–324. https://doi.org/10.61100/adman.v2i1.126
Kurnia, A., & Ramdani, A. (2021). The Effect of Competence, Training, Compensation on Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Politik Dan Humaniora, 4(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.36624/jisora.v4i2.54
Kusworo, A. D. B., Budiyanto, B., & Suwitho, S. (2024). Job satisfaction moderates the effect of competence and training on employee performance, a study on SMEs members of the Intako in Cooperative Sidoarjo Regency. Journal of Advances in Accounting, Economics, and Management, 1(3), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.47134/aaem.v1i3.152
Le Deist, F. D., & Winterton, J. (2005). What Is Competence? Human Resource Development International, 8(1), 27–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/1367886042000338227
Li, L. (2024). Reskilling and Upskilling the Future-ready Workforce for Industry 4.0 and Beyond. Information Systems Frontiers, 26(5), 1697–1712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-022-10308-y
Mangkunegara, A. P., & Prabu, A. (2015). Sumber daya manusia perusahaan. In Cetakan kedua belas (Vol. 80). Remaja Rosdakarya.
Mutaqin, A. Z., Shiddieqi, Z., & Firdaus, H. (2024). The Influence Of Training And Industrial Relations On Work Productivity And Its Impact On Employee Performance. Jurnal Ekonomi Utama, 3(1), 20–30.
Nurlinda, R. A., & Hidayat, H. (2024). The Effect of Work Motivation and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance Through Employee Engagement as an Intervening Variable. Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE), 7(3), 7776–7796. https://doi.org/10.31538/iijse.v7i3.5844
Pramono, A. C., & Prahiawan, W. (2021). Effect Of Training On Employee Performance With Competence And Commitment As Intervening. APTISI Transactions on Management (ATM), 6(2), 142–150. https://doi.org/10.33050/atm.v6i2.1742
Purnama, Y. H., Perkasa, D. H., & Harini, H. (2021). Examining the effect of vocational training, competency, and job satisfaction on employee productivity: Evidence from Indonesia. Multicultural Education, 7(4), 145–155. https://doi.org/http://ijdri.com/me/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/16.pdf
Putri, L. A., & Karya, D. (2024). Exploring the role of competence and training in enhancing employee performance: The mediating effect of job satisfaction among university staff in Pekanbaru. International Journal of Economics Development Research (IJEDR), 5(4), 3680–3690. https://doi.org/10.37385/ijedr.v5i4.6352
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2015). Perilaku organisasi edisi 16. In Jakarta: Salemba Empat. Salemba Empat.
Saari, L. M., & Judge, T. A. (2004). Employee attitudes and job satisfaction. Human Resource Management, 43(4), 395–407. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20032
Sachau, D. A. (2007). Resurrecting the Motivation-Hygiene Theory: Herzberg and the Positive Psychology Movement. Human Resource Development Review, 6(4), 377–393. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484307307546
Salju, S. (2023). he Impact of Motivation, Competence, and Training Through Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance of the Agriculture Office East Luwu. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA), 7(2), 1184–1198. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v7i2.3090
Salju, S., Gatotrianto B, G. B., & Nadirah, A. (2023). Determination of Motivation, Competence and Training on Employee Performance Throught Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Economics, 3(1), 50–61. https://doi.org/10.55299/ijec.v3i1.504
Salman, M., Ganie, S. A., & Saleem, I. (2020a). Employee Competencies as Predictors of Organizational Performance: A Study of Public and Private Sector Banks. Management and Labour Studies, 45(4), 416–432. https://doi.org/10.1177/0258042X20939014
Salman, M., Ganie, S. A., & Saleem, I. (2020b). The concept of competence: a thematic review and discussion. European Journal of Training and Development, 44(6/7), 717–742. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-10-2019-0171
Saputra, M. P., & Ong, L. (2024). The Impact of Training Development, Work Environment, Motivation and Competency on Employee Performanve. Return : Study of Management, Economic and Bussines, 3(3), 138–148. https://doi.org/10.57096/return.v3i2.211
Sauer, P. C., & Seuring, S. (2023). How to conduct systematic literature reviews in management research: a guide in 6 steps and 14 decisions. Review of Managerial Science, 17(5), 1899–1933. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-023-00668-3
Shiri, R., El-Metwally, A., Sallinen, M., Pöyry, M., Härmä, M., & Toppinen-Tanner, S. (2023). The Role of Continuing Professional Training or Development in Maintaining Current Employment: A Systematic Review. In Healthcare (Vol. 11, Issue 21). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11212900
Truitt, Debra L. (2011). The Effect of Training and Development on Employee Attitude as it Relates to Training and Work Proficiency. SAGE Open, 1(3), 2158244011433338. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244011433338
Utin, N. H., & Yosepha, S. Y. (2019). The model of employee performance. International Review of Management and Marketing, 9(3), 69–73.
Wahyudi, W. (2021). Pengaruh Pelatihan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Yang Dimediasi Oleh Disiplin Kerja. ECo-Buss, 4(2), 265–273. https://doi.org/10.32877/eb.v4i2.272
Widianingsih, T., Santoso, D., & Saddewisasi, W. (2023). Pengaruh pelatihan, budaya organisasi dan kompetensi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Sustainable Business Journal, 2(1), 76–88. https://doi.org/10.26623/sbj.v2i1.7013
Adamopoulos, I. P., & Syrou, N. F. (2022). Associations and Correlations of Job Stress, Job Satisfaction and Burn out in Public Health Sector. European Journal of Environment and Public Health, 6(2), em0113. https://doi.org/10.21601/ejeph/12166
Al-Oun, S., & Al-Khasawneh, Z. (Mohammed F. (2025). Sustainable Human Resource Management and Career Quality in Public Utilities: Evidence from Jordan’s Electricity Sector. Sustainability, 17(11), 4866. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17114866
Al-Tit, A. A., Al-Ayed, S., Alhammadi, A., Hunitie, M., Alsarayreh, A., & Albassam, W. (2022). The Impact of Employee Development Practices on Human Capital and Social Capital: The Mediating Contribution of Knowledge Management. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(4), 218. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8040218
Alrawahi, S., Sellgren, S. F., Altouby, S., Alwahaibi, N., & Brommels, M. (2020). The application of Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation to job satisfaction in clinical laboratories in Omani hospitals. Heliyon, 6(9), e04829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04829
Amalia, R., Junaidi, A., & Boyas, J. R. (2023). The Impact of Soft Skills Training and Managerial Support on Employee Career Development with Self-Confidence as a Mediator. SEIKO: Journal of Management & Business, 6(2), 10.37531/sejaman.v6i2.6129. https://doi.org/10.37531/sejaman.v6i2.6129
Armstrong, M. (2009). Armstrong’s handbook of human resource management practice 11th edition. Kogan Page Limited.
Baartman, L. K. J., & de Bruijn, E. (2011). Integrating knowledge, skills and attitudes: Conceptualising learning processes towards vocational competence. Educational Research Review, 6(2), 125–134. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2011.03.001
Berhanu, K. Z. (2023). Mediating role of job satisfaction on the relation between staff development and performance. Cogent Education, 10(1), 2107301. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2207408
Cabrera, D., & Cabrera, L. L. (2023). The steps to doing a systems literature review (SLR). Journal of Systems Thinking Preprints.
Darmanto, S., & Supriyadi, Y. (2022). Development of employee performance model based on transactional leadership, competency, and job satisfaction. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 20(2), 427–437. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2022.020.02.18
Elnaga, A., & Imran, A. (2013). The effect of training on employee performance. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(4), 137–147.
Eraut, M. (1998). Concepts of competence. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 12(2), 127–139. https://doi.org/10.3109/13561829809014100
Ernawati, N., & Abadi, F. (2024). Analysis of The Effect of Job Satisfaction, Organizational Supports, and Leadership Style on Work Motivation in Improving Employee Performance. Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies, 4(4), 1805–1814. https://doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v4i4.1115
Fatmasari Wijayanti, & Retno Titi Sari. (2023). The Influence of Competency on Employee Performance:(A Literature Review). International Journal of Accounting, Management, Economics and Social Sciences (IJAMESC), 1(6), 920–931. https://doi.org/10.61990/ijamesc.v1i6.118
Gessesse, K. T., & Premanandam, P. (2023). Job satisfaction among academic employees in private and public sector universities at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A comparative analysis. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1), 2196105. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2196105
Hämäläinen, R., Nissinen, K., Mannonen, J., Lämsä, J., Leino, K., & Taajamo, M. (2021). Understanding teaching professionals’ digital competence: What do PIAAC and TALIS reveal about technology-related skills, attitudes, and knowledge? Computers in Human Behavior, 117, 106672. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106672
Haryanto, B., Suprapti, A. R., Taufik, A., & Maminirina Fenitra, R. (2022). Moderating role of transformational leadership in the relationship between work conflict and employee performance. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1), 2105578. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2105578
Hastuti, N. T. L. P., Wahyuningsih, S. H., & Handayani, S. D. (2023). A bibliometric analysis of competency and job satisfaction research. Multidisciplinary Reviews, 7(1), 2024014. https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2024014
Hasyim, H., & Bakri, M. (2024). A study of Task Mismatch and its effect on Work Motivation and employee performance. Paradoks: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 7(4), 355–370. https://doi.org/10.55903/juria.v3i1.196
Herzberg, F. (2015). Motivation-hygiene theory. Organizational Behavior 1, 61–74.
Herzberg, F. I. (1966). Work and the Nature of Man. World Pub. Co.
Isbat, I., Tukiran, M., Yusnita, N., Sunaryo, W., Munawir, A., & Haris Maraden, A. (2024). Synergy of Competence and Leadership in Improving Employee Commitment, Motivation, and Performance for Organizational Development: Systematic Literature Review. Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, 2(9), 2050–2067. https://doi.org/10.59888/ajosh.v2i9.346
Izzah, N., & Firdaus, V. (2022). Kompetensi, pelatihan, dan kepuasan kerja dan pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja karyawan. Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis Dan Pendidikan (JEBP), 2(9), 805–815. https://doi.org/https://journal3.um.ac.id/index.php/fe/article/view/4991/2971
Judge, T. A., Zhang, S. C., & Glerum, D. R. (2020). Job satisfaction. Essentials of Job Attitudes and Other Workplace Psychological Constructs, 207–241.
Karneli, O., Handayati, R., & Rijal, S. (2024). Enhancement of Soft Skills Competence in Human Resources as a Key Success Factor in the Digital Business Era. Journal of Contemporary Administration and Management (ADMAN), 2(1), 319–324. https://doi.org/10.61100/adman.v2i1.126
Kurnia, A., & Ramdani, A. (2021). The Effect of Competence, Training, Compensation on Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Politik Dan Humaniora, 4(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.36624/jisora.v4i2.54
Kusworo, A. D. B., Budiyanto, B., & Suwitho, S. (2024). Job satisfaction moderates the effect of competence and training on employee performance, a study on SMEs members of the Intako in Cooperative Sidoarjo Regency. Journal of Advances in Accounting, Economics, and Management, 1(3), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.47134/aaem.v1i3.152
Le Deist, F. D., & Winterton, J. (2005). What Is Competence? Human Resource Development International, 8(1), 27–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/1367886042000338227
Li, L. (2024). Reskilling and Upskilling the Future-ready Workforce for Industry 4.0 and Beyond. Information Systems Frontiers, 26(5), 1697–1712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-022-10308-y
Mangkunegara, A. P., & Prabu, A. (2015). Sumber daya manusia perusahaan. In Cetakan kedua belas (Vol. 80). Remaja Rosdakarya.
Mutaqin, A. Z., Shiddieqi, Z., & Firdaus, H. (2024). The Influence Of Training And Industrial Relations On Work Productivity And Its Impact On Employee Performance. Jurnal Ekonomi Utama, 3(1), 20–30.
Nurlinda, R. A., & Hidayat, H. (2024). The Effect of Work Motivation and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance Through Employee Engagement as an Intervening Variable. Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE), 7(3), 7776–7796. https://doi.org/10.31538/iijse.v7i3.5844
Pramono, A. C., & Prahiawan, W. (2021). Effect Of Training On Employee Performance With Competence And Commitment As Intervening. APTISI Transactions on Management (ATM), 6(2), 142–150. https://doi.org/10.33050/atm.v6i2.1742
Purnama, Y. H., Perkasa, D. H., & Harini, H. (2021). Examining the effect of vocational training, competency, and job satisfaction on employee productivity: Evidence from Indonesia. Multicultural Education, 7(4), 145–155. https://doi.org/http://ijdri.com/me/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/16.pdf
Putri, L. A., & Karya, D. (2024). Exploring the role of competence and training in enhancing employee performance: The mediating effect of job satisfaction among university staff in Pekanbaru. International Journal of Economics Development Research (IJEDR), 5(4), 3680–3690. https://doi.org/10.37385/ijedr.v5i4.6352
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2015). Perilaku organisasi edisi 16. In Jakarta: Salemba Empat. Salemba Empat.
Saari, L. M., & Judge, T. A. (2004). Employee attitudes and job satisfaction. Human Resource Management, 43(4), 395–407. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20032
Sachau, D. A. (2007). Resurrecting the Motivation-Hygiene Theory: Herzberg and the Positive Psychology Movement. Human Resource Development Review, 6(4), 377–393. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484307307546
Salju, S. (2023). he Impact of Motivation, Competence, and Training Through Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance of the Agriculture Office East Luwu. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA), 7(2), 1184–1198. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v7i2.3090
Salju, S., Gatotrianto B, G. B., & Nadirah, A. (2023). Determination of Motivation, Competence and Training on Employee Performance Throught Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Economics, 3(1), 50–61. https://doi.org/10.55299/ijec.v3i1.504
Salman, M., Ganie, S. A., & Saleem, I. (2020a). Employee Competencies as Predictors of Organizational Performance: A Study of Public and Private Sector Banks. Management and Labour Studies, 45(4), 416–432. https://doi.org/10.1177/0258042X20939014
Salman, M., Ganie, S. A., & Saleem, I. (2020b). The concept of competence: a thematic review and discussion. European Journal of Training and Development, 44(6/7), 717–742. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-10-2019-0171
Saputra, M. P., & Ong, L. (2024). The Impact of Training Development, Work Environment, Motivation and Competency on Employee Performanve. Return : Study of Management, Economic and Bussines, 3(3), 138–148. https://doi.org/10.57096/return.v3i2.211
Sauer, P. C., & Seuring, S. (2023). How to conduct systematic literature reviews in management research: a guide in 6 steps and 14 decisions. Review of Managerial Science, 17(5), 1899–1933. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-023-00668-3
Shiri, R., El-Metwally, A., Sallinen, M., Pöyry, M., Härmä, M., & Toppinen-Tanner, S. (2023). The Role of Continuing Professional Training or Development in Maintaining Current Employment: A Systematic Review. In Healthcare (Vol. 11, Issue 21). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11212900
Truitt, Debra L. (2011). The Effect of Training and Development on Employee Attitude as it Relates to Training and Work Proficiency. SAGE Open, 1(3), 2158244011433338. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244011433338
Utin, N. H., & Yosepha, S. Y. (2019). The model of employee performance. International Review of Management and Marketing, 9(3), 69–73.
Wahyudi, W. (2021). Pengaruh Pelatihan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Yang Dimediasi Oleh Disiplin Kerja. ECo-Buss, 4(2), 265–273. https://doi.org/10.32877/eb.v4i2.272
Widianingsih, T., Santoso, D., & Saddewisasi, W. (2023). Pengaruh pelatihan, budaya organisasi dan kompetensi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Sustainable Business Journal, 2(1), 76–88. https://doi.org/10.26623/sbj.v2i1.7013